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IRCT20230131057292N4 IRCT 2026-09-03 University of Tehran Comparison of the Effects of Different Caffeine Consumption Methods on Game-Induced Fatigue in Small-Sided Games in Young Professional Male Football Players Comparison of different caffeine administration methods (capsule, gum, and mouth rinse) on fatigue induced by small-sided games in young professional male football players: A randomized, double-blind, crossover study 2026-09-16 anticipated 16 Recruiting https://irct.ir/trial/92876 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Double blinded, Placebo: Used, Assignment: Crossover, Purpose: Other, Other design features: Randomized, double-blind, crossover study. All participants receive all interventions (capsule, gum, mouthrinse, and placebo) with an appropriate washout period between sessions, Randomization description: The sequence of interventions (caffeine capsule, caffeine gum, caffeine mouth rinse, and their respective placebos) for each participant was determined using a simple lottery/drawing method. Different sequences were written on identical cards and placed in sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. An envelope was drawn for each football player to determine the sequence of conditions across the crossover trials, thereby controlling for potential order and carryover effects, Blinding description: Caffeine and matching placebo formulations (capsules, gums, and mouth rinses) are prepared to be identical in appearance, color, smell, taste, and packaging. The interventions are coded and packaged by an independent third party not involved in data collection. Both the participants (football players) and outcome assessors remain blinded to the intervention assignments until the completion of testing and statistical analysis. N/A Small-sided game-induced fatigue in young professional male football players. Intervention 1: Intervention group: 400 mg caffeine capsule consumed 30 minutes before the start of warm-up. Intervention 2: Intervention group: Two caffeinated chewing gums containing 200 mg each (400 mg total), chewed for 5 minutes, starting 5 minutes before warm-up. Intervention 3: Intervention group: 750 mg caffeine mouth rinse for 15 seconds immediately before the first set and during the recovery periods between sets, followed by expectoration. Intervention 4: Control group: Placebo consists of a caffeine-free cellulose capsule, caffeine-free chewing gum with a similar flavor, and caffeine-free mouth rinse with a similar taste, administered according to the timing of the corresponding caffeine conditions. No - There is not a plan to make this available Justification or reason for not sharing IPD is To protect participants’ confidentiality and privacy, there is no plan to publicly share individual participant data. Study results will be reported only in aggregate form without identifying information.
public Shima Mojtahedi
Faulty of Sport Sciences and Health, 15th Ave, North Kargar st, Tehran, IRNN
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1439813117 +98 21 6111 8872 shmojtahedi@ut.ac.ir The University of Tehran scientific Shima Mojtahedi
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, between 15th and 16th St., North Kargar st., Tehran, Islamic Republic
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1439813117 +98 21 6111 8872 shmojtahedi@ut.ac.ir University of Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) Having at least 3 years of playing experience in national football leagues No history of musculoskeletal injuries in the past 6 months Refraining from using ergogenic supplements (such as creatine, beta-alanine, caffeine, etc.) for at least 48 hours before each test session No consumption of tobacco products and psychoactive substances within 72 hours before the start of the study protocols Commitment to recording and replicating the exact 24-hour dietary intake before the first test session for all subsequent sessions 15 years 18 years Male Occurrence of any new injury during the study that prevents continuing the protocol History of caffeine allergy/sensitivity in medical records or observation of any adverse side effects during the trial Unwillingness of the participant to continue cooperation at any stage of the study Other Other Other Placebo Intervention group: 400 mg caffeine capsule consumed 30 minutes before the start of warm-up Intervention group: Two caffeinated chewing gums containing 200 mg each (400 mg total), chewed for 5 minutes, starting 5 minutes before warm-up Intervention group: 750 mg caffeine mouth rinse for 15 seconds immediately before the first set and during the recovery periods between sets, followed by expectoration Control group: Placebo consists of a caffeine-free cellulose capsule, caffeine-free chewing gum with a similar flavor, and caffeine-free mouth rinse with a similar taste, administered according to the timing of the corresponding caffeine conditions Fatigue index measured by the RAST following the small-sided game protocol. Timepoint: After the small-sided game protocol in each of the four experimental sessions. Method of measurement: Using the RAST consisting of six maximal 35-m sprints with 10 s recovery between sprints. Peak power assessed by RAST after the small-sided game. Timepoint: After the small-sided game protocol in each experimental session. Method of measurement: Assessed using RAST consisting of six maximal 35-m sprints. Mean power assessed by RAST after the small-sided game. Timepoint: After the small-sided game protocol in each experimental session. Method of measurement: Assessed using RAST consisting of six maximal 35-m sprints. Passing performance and accuracy after the small-sided game. Timepoint: After the small-sided game protocol in each experimental session. Method of measurement: Using the McDonald Soccer Skill Test, the number of successful passes during a 30-s trial is recorded. Countermovement jump (CMJ) performance after the small-sided game. Timepoint: After questionnaire completion, following the small-sided game in each session. Method of measurement: Using the CMJ test and the My Jump 2 application, with hands placed on the hips. Squat jump (SJ) performance after the small-sided game. Timepoint: After questionnaire completion, following the small-sided game in each session. Method of measurement: SJ performed from a 90° knee-flexion position with hands on the hips. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after the small-sided game. Timepoint: Five minutes after the fifth set in each session. Method of measurement: 15-point Borg scale ranging from 6 to 20. Exercise enjoyment (EES) after the small-sided game. Timepoint: Five minutes after the fifth set in each session. Method of measurement: Exercise Enjoyment Scale with 8 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale. Mental fatigue (MF) after the small-sided game. Timepoint: Five minutes after the fifth set in each session. Method of measurement: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) from 0=no fatigue to 10=severe fatigue. University of Tehran Approved 2026-08-25 Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Teh Tehran - North Kargar St. - Above Jalal Al-e Ahmad Intersection - Between 15th and 16th Streets - Opposite University of Tehran Dormitory (Koye Daneshgah) Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)