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IRCT20210802052056N1 IRCT 2026-08-15 The University of Guilan Comparison of the Effect of Core and Hip Muscle Strengthening Protocols Pre- and Post-Functional Movement Retraining on Pain and Function in Men with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Comparison of the Effect of Core and Hip Muscle Strengthening Protocols Pre- and Post-Functional Movement Retraining on Pain and Function in Men with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome 2026-09-01 anticipated 45 Recruiting https://irct.ir/trial/92390 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Single blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Supportive, Randomization description: After screening according to the eligibility criteria and completing the baseline assessment, eligible participants will be randomly allocated into three groups: the core strengthening group, the hip strengthening group, and the control group. The random allocation sequence will be prepared before the start of the intervention, and each participant will be assigned to one of the three study groups according to this predefined sequence after final enrollment, Blinding description: Due to the nature of the exercise interventions, blinding of participants and the intervention provider will not be feasible because the type of exercise received will be apparent to both participants and the intervention provider. However, outcome assessments will be performed by an independent assessor who will be blinded to participants’ group allocation and the type of intervention received by each group. In addition, data analysis will be performed after coding the groups, so that the data analyst will not be aware of the relationship between the codes and the intervention and control groups. These procedures will be implemented to minimize potential bias in outcome assessment and data analysis. N/A Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Intervention 1: Intervention group 1: Supervised trunk muscle strengthening for four weeks, three sessions per week. After completion of the first phase, participants will receive a functional movement retraining program for four weeks, three sessions per week. Intervention 2: Intervention group 2: Supervised hip muscle strengthening for four weeks, three sessions per week. After completion of the first phase, participants will receive a functional movement retraining program for four weeks, three sessions per week. Intervention 3: Control group: No exercise or stretching intervention will be provided during the first four weeks, and participants will continue their usual daily activities. After completion of the first phase, participants will receive a functional movement retraining program for four weeks, three sessions per week. No - There is not a plan to make this available Justification or reason for not sharing IPD is Due to considerations regarding participant confidentiality and privacy and the study's data management policy, there is no plan for public sharing of individual participant-level data, even in de-identified form.
public Mohammad Yasavoli Sharahi
Riahi Dead End 2, Riahi Alley, 20 Meter Malik Ashtar St., Emam Ali Neighborhood
Arak Iran (Islamic Republic of) 3815814191 +98 86 3437 0203 mohammadyasavoli726@gmail.com The University of Guilan scientific Mohammad Yasavoli Sharahi
Riahi Dead End 2, Riahi Alley, 20 Meter Malik Ashtar St., Emam Ali Neighborhood
Arak Iran (Islamic Republic of) 3815814191 +98 86 3437 0203 mohammadyasavoli726@gmail.com The University of Guilan Iran (Islamic Republic of) Males aged 18 to 40 years Diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome based on the clinical criteria of the 2018 consensus statement including anterior knee pain and pain provocation during functional activities Activity-related pain intensity between 3 and 7 on the visual analog scale Presence of anterior knee pain for at least 3 months Presence of observable movement impairments during at least two movements including double-leg squat, single-leg squat, step-down, and sit-to-stand Ability to walk independently and perform double-leg squat and step-down without assistive devices No history of receiving specialized physical therapy for patellofemoral pain syndrome during the previous 3 months 18 years 40 years Male Presence of other causes of anterior knee pain including Osgood-Schlatter disease, plica syndrome, and Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome. Presence of patellar instability. Presence of knee joint effusion. History of injury or surgery to the spine or lower extremities. Presence of knee meniscal, ligament, or tendon injuries. Presence of systemic or neurological diseases affecting motor function including rheumatoid arthritis, uncontrolled diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, or other severe musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Presence of significant functional impairment of the ankle or foot including limited ankle dorsiflexion with more than 3 cm difference between the two sides in the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test. Inability to perform at least 20 correct single-leg heel raises or a difference of more than 5 repetitions between the two sides in the Single Leg Heel Rise Test. History of ankle injury or instability within the previous 6 months resulting in altered gait pattern or functional limitation. Presence of referred pain from the hip or lumbar spine. M22.2 Patellofemoral disorders Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Intervention group 1: Supervised trunk muscle strengthening for four weeks, three sessions per week. After completion of the first phase, participants will receive a functional movement retraining program for four weeks, three sessions per week. Intervention group 2: Supervised hip muscle strengthening for four weeks, three sessions per week. After completion of the first phase, participants will receive a functional movement retraining program for four weeks, three sessions per week. Control group: No exercise or stretching intervention will be provided during the first four weeks, and participants will continue their usual daily activities. After completion of the first phase, participants will receive a functional movement retraining program for four weeks, three sessions per week. Pain intensity. Timepoint: At baseline (before the intervention), after completion of the first four weeks of intervention (end of phase one), and after completion of the eight-week intervention period (end of phase two). Method of measurement: Ten-centimeter Visual Analogue Scale. Knee symptom and function score related to patellofemoral pain syndrome. Timepoint: At baseline (before the intervention), after completion of the first four weeks of intervention (end of phase one), and after completion of the eight-week intervention period (end of phase two). Method of measurement: Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale for assessment of knee symptoms and function related to patellofemoral pain syndrome. Number of correct repetitions in the step-down test. Timepoint: At baseline (before the intervention), after completion of the first four weeks of intervention (end of phase one), and after completion of the eight-week intervention period (end of phase two). Method of measurement: Step-down test from a twenty-centimeter platform with recording of the number of correct repetitions performed in thirty seconds. Number of correct repetitions in the single-leg sit-to-stand test. Timepoint: At baseline (before the intervention), after completion of the first four weeks of intervention (end of phase one), and after completion of the eight-week intervention period (end of phase two). Method of measurement: Single-leg sit-to-stand test with recording of the number of correct repetitions performed in thirty seconds. Knee-related quality of life. Timepoint: At baseline (before the intervention), after completion of the first four weeks of intervention (end of phase one), and after completion of the eight-week intervention period (end of phase two). Method of measurement: Twelve-item Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, using the knee-related quality of life subscale. Kinesiophobia. Timepoint: At baseline (before the intervention), after completion of the first four weeks of intervention (end of phase one), and after completion of the eight-week intervention period (end of phase two). Method of measurement: Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Dynamic balance. Timepoint: At baseline (before the intervention), after completion of the first four weeks of intervention (end of phase one), and after completion of the eight-week intervention period (end of phase two). Method of measurement: Y-Balance Test for assessment of dynamic balance. The University of Guilan Approved 2026-08-03 Ethics Committee of University of Guilan University of Guilan Campus, Km 5 Tehran Road, Persian Gulf Highway, Rasht Rasht Guilan Iran (Islamic Republic of)