<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20251121068065N12</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2026-07-03</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Laya Dolatabadi Farahani</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing and Corrective Exercises on Pain and Neck Function in Radiologic Technologists with Upper Crossed Syndrome</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing and Corrective Exercises on Pain and Neck Function in Radiologic Technologists with Upper Crossed Syndrome</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2026-07-16</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>36</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Recruiting</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/91288</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment, Randomization description: Participants will be allocated to one of the three groups using simple randomization, facilitated by the Randomizer software. To ensure unbiased allocation, the random codes generated by the software will serve as the basis for assigning each participant to one of the three groups, ensuring a systematic and randomized distribution of participants across the study group.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Upper Crossed Syndrome (Cervicalgia).</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention Group 1: (Shoulder Stabilization Exercises) consists of corrective stabilization exercises for the shoulder girdle and scapular muscles, performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, with each session lasting 30 to 45 minutes. The exercise content includes active exercises to strengthen scapular muscles (such as the serratus anterior and lower trapezius), balance and postural control exercises in sitting, standing, and quadruped positions, and functional exercises using resistance bands or body weight. Intervention 2: Intervention Group 2: (Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises) consists of diaphragmatic breathing retraining, performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, with each session lasting 30 to 45 minutes. The exercise content includes training in deep diaphragmatic breathing in supine, sitting, and standing positions, breathing rhythm exercises, inhalation and exhalation control, and breathing exercises combined with upper limb movements. Intervention 3: Control group: Will not receive any exercise intervention.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for indecision in sharing IPD is No Further Information Available.</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Shahnaz Sharjerdi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Arak University, Sardasht Blvd., Basij Sq., Arak, Iran.</address>
        <city>Arak</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>3818175846</zip>
        <telephone>+98 918 862 0643</telephone>
        <email>s-shahrjerdi@araku.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Arak University</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Shahnaz Sharjerdi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Arak University, Sardasht Blvd., Basij Sq., Arak, Iran.</address>
        <city>Arak</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>3818175846</zip>
        <telephone>+98 918 862 0643</telephone>
        <email>s-shahrjerdi@araku.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Arak University</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Clinical diagnosis of Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) based on postural assessment (forward head, rounded shoulders), deep cervical flexor weakness, and validated clinical tests (e.g., Janda or observation-based tests).
Age range: 25 to 45 years.
Minimum of 1 year of professional experience as a radiotechnologist.
Chronic neck pain (duration of more than 3 months).
Pain intensity of VAS ≥ 3 and/or NDI score ≥ 10.
Informed consent to participate in the study.</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>25 years</agemin>
      <agemax>45 years</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>History of cervical spine or shoulder surgery.
Presence of systemic, neurological, or rheumatic diseases.
Acute respiratory or cardiovascular disorders.
Pregnancy.
Participation in similar exercise programs within the last 3 months.
Concurrent use of other therapeutic interventions (e.g., physiotherapy, chiropractic, or acupuncture) during the study period.</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>M54.2</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Cervicalgia</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
      <i_code>N/A</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention Group 1: (Shoulder Stabilization Exercises) consists of corrective stabilization exercises for the shoulder girdle and scapular muscles, performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, with each session lasting 30 to 45 minutes. The exercise content includes active exercises to strengthen scapular muscles (such as the serratus anterior and lower trapezius), balance and postural control exercises in sitting, standing, and quadruped positions, and functional exercises using resistance bands or body weight.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention Group 2: (Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises) consists of diaphragmatic breathing retraining, performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, with each session lasting 30 to 45 minutes. The exercise content includes training in deep diaphragmatic breathing in supine, sitting, and standing positions, breathing rhythm exercises, inhalation and exhalation control, and breathing exercises combined with upper limb movements.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Control group: Will not receive any exercise intervention.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Neck Pain Intensity. Timepoint: Assessments will be conducted in two stages: pre-test (before the start of the exercise protocol) and post-test (after completion of the 8-week exercise period). Method of measurement: Pain intensity will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Neck function. Timepoint: Assessments will be conducted in two stages: pre-test (before the start of the exercise protocol) and post-test (after completion of the 8-week exercise period). Method of measurement: Neck function will be assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI).</sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Laya Dolatabadi Farahani</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2026-02-25</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Research Ethics Committees of Arak University</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Arak University, Sardasht Blvd., Basij Sq., Arak, Iran. Arak Markazi Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
