IRCT20260524069516N1 IRCT 2026-06-15 The Kharazmi University The Effect of Educational Methods on Handball Shooting Skill The Effects of Four Instructional Methods (Constraints-Led Approach, Differential Learning, Traditional, and Hybrid) on Simplifying Information Processing, Decision-Making, and Handball Shot Execution: An Experimental Test of Simplified Information Processing Theory During Action 2026-09-29 anticipated 80 Recruiting https://irct.ir/trial/90366 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Education/Guidance, Randomization description: Randomization in this study is of the simple randomization type, and the unit of randomization is the individual. A total of 80 participants will be randomly allocated in equal numbers into one of the four intervention and control groups (20 participants per group). The random allocation sequence will be generated using an online random sequence generation system (Sealed Envelope website). To ensure allocation concealment and prevent bias, the generated codes will be placed inside sequentially numbered (1 to 80), opaque, sealed envelopes. Upon the entry of each eligible participant into the study, the corresponding envelope will be opened in the order of entry, and their training group will be determined. The generation of the sequence and preparation of the envelopes will be performed by an individual outside the main research team to ensure that the judgment regarding the realization of random allocation remains completely independent. N/A Handball shooting skill training. Intervention group: Control group: Traditional handball training with direct instructions, repeated corrective feedback, and repetitive practice without changes; 3 sessions per week for a total of 15 sessions.Intervention group 1: Differential learning training for handball shot execution with unplanned variability and without repetitive identical practice; 3 sessions per week for a total of 15 sessions.Intervention group 2: Constraints-led approach training for handball shot execution through the purposeful manipulation of individual, environmental, and task constraints; 3 sessions per week for a total of 15 sessions.Intervention group 3: Hybrid training combining differential learning principles and the constraints-led approach for handball shot execution; 3 sessions per week for a total of 15 sessions.. No - There is not a plan to make this available Justification or reason for not sharing IPD is No further information is available.