<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20250818066900N1</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2025-09-25</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>Comparing The Effect of Pilates, Yoga and Taichi Exercises on Proprioception, Range of Motion, Kinesiophobia, Pain and Quality of Life in men Above 50 Years Old with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain.</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Comparing The Effect of Pilates, Yoga and Taichi Exercises on Proprioception, Range of Motion, Kinesiophobia, Pain and Quality of Life in men Above 50 Years Old with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain.</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2025-10-22</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>45</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/85768</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: N/A, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Supportive.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Chronic non-specific low back pain.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: First intervention group: Pilates exercises including 14 movements, with gradual overload of two sets with 15 repetitions in the first and second week, two sets with 20 repetitions in the third and fourth week, three sets with 15 repetitions in the fifth and sixth week, and three sets with 20 repetitions in the seventh and eighth week. The exercises will be practiced three sessions per week for 1 hour. Intervention 2: Second intervention group: Yoga exercises for six weeks, in the first and second weeks:Mountain (tadasana), warrior-II (virabhadrasana), staff (dandasana), twisted pose (vakrasana)in the third and fourth weeks:Twisted (vakrasana), cobra (bhujangasana), boat (naukasana), half-waist-wheel pose (ardha kati chakrasana),and in the fifth and sixth weeks:Tree (vrksasana), extended-side-angle (utthita parsvakonasana), hand-under-foot (padahastasana), half-waistwheel (ardha kati chakrasana), standing-backward-bend (ardha chakrasana),Three sessions per week for 1 hour will be practiced. Intervention 3: Third intervention group: Tai Chi Chen style 16-form will be practiced for 12 weeks, three sessions per week in 1-hour sessions. The first four weeks will be separate movement training, the second four weeks will be movement connection, and the third four weeks will be full form execution. (Commencing Form, Buddha’s Warrior Attendant Pounds Mortar, Tuck in Robes, Single Whip, Wave Hands Like Clouds, Double Push Palms, Step Back and Whirl Arms on Both Sides, White Crane Spreads Wings, Diagonal line spread step, Deflect through The Back, the Chopping Hand, Hide Hand and Strike Fist, Six Seals and Four Closings, Single Whip (same as (4)) and Body Defending Punches), Buddha’s Warrior Attendant Pounds Mortar, Closing Form.).</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>No - There is not a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for not sharing IPD is "There is no further information"</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Mohammad Hasan Abdorrashidi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Imam Khomeini Highway, Pazhuhesh Square, Kerman</address>
        <city>Kerman</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>7616913439</zip>
        <telephone>+98 903 890 4488</telephone>
        <email>abdh5084@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Mohammad Hasan Abdorrashidi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Imam Khomeini Highway, Pazhuhesh Square, Kerman</address>
        <city>Kerman</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>7616913439</zip>
        <telephone>+98 903 890 4488</telephone>
        <email>abdh5084@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>With chronic non-specific low back pain
Visual analog scale between 3 and 7
without spinal injury such as a fracture
Sufficient physical independence to participate in the physical activities required for the study
No participation in Tai Chi, Yoga, or Pilates in the past 3 months</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>50 years</agemin>
      <agemax>no limit</agemax>
      <gender>Male</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>With Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.
With rheumatoid arthritis or an infection.
With History of psychiatric disorder and cerebrovascular disease.
The individual's unwillingness to continue participating in the study.</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>M54.5</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Low back pain</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>First intervention group: Pilates exercises including 14 movements, with gradual overload of two sets with 15 repetitions in the first and second week, two sets with 20 repetitions in the third and fourth week, three sets with 15 repetitions in the fifth and sixth week, and three sets with 20 repetitions in the seventh and eighth week. The exercises will be practiced three sessions per week for 1 hour</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Second intervention group: Yoga exercises for six weeks, in the first and second weeks:Mountain (tadasana), warrior-II (virabhadrasana), staff (dandasana), twisted pose (vakrasana)in the third and fourth weeks:Twisted (vakrasana), cobra (bhujangasana), boat (naukasana), half-waist-wheel pose (ardha kati chakrasana),and in the fifth and sixth weeks:Tree (vrksasana), extended-side-angle (utthita parsvakonasana), hand-under-foot (padahastasana), half-waistwheel (ardha kati chakrasana), standing-backward-bend (ardha chakrasana),Three sessions per week for 1 hour will be practiced.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Third intervention group: Tai Chi Chen style 16-form will be practiced for 12 weeks, three sessions per week in 1-hour sessions. The first four weeks will be separate movement training, the second four weeks will be movement connection, and the third four weeks will be full form execution. (Commencing Form, Buddha’s Warrior Attendant Pounds Mortar, Tuck in Robes, Single Whip, Wave Hands Like Clouds, Double Push Palms, Step Back and Whirl Arms on Both Sides, White Crane Spreads Wings, Diagonal line spread step, Deflect through The Back, the Chopping Hand, Hide Hand and Strike Fist, Six Seals and Four Closings, Single Whip (same as (4)) and Body Defending Punches), Buddha’s Warrior Attendant Pounds Mortar, Closing Form.)</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Proprioception. Timepoint: Before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Measuring angle reconstruction error by taking photographs and using kinovea software.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Range of Motion. Timepoint: Before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Modified Modified Schober's test.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Kinesiophobia. Timepoint: Before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: 11-question questionnaire Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Pain. Timepoint: Before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Visual Analogue Scale.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Quality of Life. Timepoint: Before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome></sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2025-08-12</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Research Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Imam Khomeini Highway, Pazhuhesh Square, Kerman Kerman Kerman Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
