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IRCT20250122064475N1 IRCT 2025-07-26 non Examining the effect of virtual reality training on children with developmental coordination disorder DCD Investigating the Impact of 8 Weeks of Virtual Reality Training on Motor Proficiency and Executive Function in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder 2025-04-05 anticipated 30 Complete https://irct.ir/trial/82243 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Double blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Supportive, Other design features: This study will be conducted by designing exercises for 12 sports, from simple to complex, with specialized warm-ups and 3 sessions of 45 minutes per week, Randomization description: After identifying 30 eligible participants, they were randomly divided into two groups, intervention and control (15 people in each group), using a simple random method through a draw. The names of the participants were written on identical cards and placed in an opaque container. To conceal the grouping, a person outside the research team drew the cards by lot. As soon as each card was drawn, the participant was assigned to one of the two groups, intervention or control; the first card drawn was placed in the intervention group, the second card in the control group, and this process continued until the last card. The results were immediately placed in sealed envelopes. The unit of allocation was the individual. Given the limited sample size and the homogeneity of the study population (in terms of age and severity of disorder), stratification was not used. The grouping sequence was also generated by a person outside the research team and recorded and kept in a separate document. The screening team remained unaware of the groups until the end of the grouping process, Blinding description: Blinding in this study was applied at the level of outcome assessment and data analysis. Due to the nature of the intervention, blinding of participants is not possible, as the virtual reality-based exercises and their implementation differ between the two groups, which participants will notice. However, to prevent bias in data collection and evaluation, outcome assessors will be unaware of group allocation to ensure data is collected independently and without conscious influence. Furthermore, data analysts will be unaware of group allocation until the final processing is complete to avoid bias in the review of results. If necessary, allocation concealment methods, such as randomization lists and the use of data processing systems, will be used to maintain impartiality in the analysis. This level of control in allocation and data processing increases the validity of the results and prevents side effects caused by bias. N/A Developmental Coordination Disorder. Intervention 1: Warm-up for 10 minutes, exercise for 30 minutes, cool-down for 5 minutes. Week 1, Session 1, Warm-up: running, shoulder rotations, stretching the arm, forearm, triceps muscles, wrist rotations, rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing. Exercises: darts, boxing. Cool-down: overhead stretch, down, left and right. Session 2, Warm-up: running, shoulder rotations, stretching the arm, forearm, triceps muscles, wrist rotations, rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing. Exercises: darts, boxing. Cool-down: hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3, Warm-up: running, shoulder rotations, stretching the arm, forearm, triceps muscles, wrist rotations, rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing. Exercises: darts, boxing. Cool-down: bending forward as much as possible, neck stretch. Week 2, Session 1: running, lateral lunge with inner thigh stretch, arm rotations, knee-to-chest jumps, ankle circles, stationary dribbling, stretching back and waist muscles, ball release exercise, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - basketball, bowling - overhead stretch, down, left and right. Session 2: running, lateral lunge with inner thigh stretch, arm rotations, knee-to-chest jumps, ankle circles, stationary dribbling, stretching back and waist muscles, ball release exercise, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - basketball, bowling - hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3: running, lateral lunge with inner thigh stretch, arm rotations, knee-to-chest jumps, ankle circles, stationary dribbling, stretching back and waist muscles, ball release exercise, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - basketball, bowling - bending forward as much as possible, neck stretch. Week 3: Session 1: rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing, paw boxing, short runs with change of direction, trunk rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, service practice without ball, zigzag jumping - boxing, clay tennis - overhead stretch, down, left and right. Session 2: rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing, paw boxing, short runs with change of direction, trunk rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, service practice without ball, zigzag jumping - boxing, clay tennis - hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3: rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing, paw boxing, short runs with change of direction, trunk rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, service practice without ball, zigzag jumping - boxing, clay tennis - bending forward as much as possible, neck stretch. Week 4, Session 1: jogging in place, stretching back and shoulders, neck and shoulder rotations, deep breathing exercise, wrist and forearm stretches, fast lateral movement, wrist rotation with racket, ball dribbling with racket - archery, table tennis - overhead stretch, down, left and right. Session 2: jogging in place, stretching back and shoulders, neck and shoulder rotations, deep breathing exercise, wrist and forearm stretches, fast lateral movement, wrist rotation with racket, ball dribbling with racket - archery, table tennis - hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3: jogging in place, stretching back and shoulders, neck and shoulder rotations, deep breathing exercise, wrist and forearm stretches, fast lateral movement, wrist rotation with racket, ball dribbling with racket - archery, table tennis - bending forward as much as possible, neck stretch.Week 5 Session 1: Lateral movements with speed, dynamic lunges with change of direction, shoulder and arm rotation, wrist exercises with racket, vertical jumps, hitting the ball in the air Badminton, Golf Stretching overhead, down, left and right. Session 2: Lateral movements with speed, dynamic lunges with change of direction, shoulder and arm rotation, wrist exercises with racket, vertical jumps, hitting the ball in the air - Badminton, Golf - Hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3 Lateral movements with speed, dynamic lunges with change of direction, shoulder and arm rotation, wrist exercises with racket, vertical jumps, hitting the ball in the air Badminton, Golf Bending forward as much as possible, stretching the neck and head. Week 6: Session 1: Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist Squash, Volleyball Stretching overhead, down, left and right. Session 2 Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist-Squash, Volleyball-Hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3: Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist Squash, Volleyball Bending forward as much as possible, stretching the neck and head Week 7. Session 1 Short runs with change of direction, torso rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, serving practice without ball, zigzag jumping, stretching back and lumbar muscles, ball release practice, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - Clay court tennis, Bowling - Stretching overhead, down, left and right. Session 2: Short runs with change of direction, torso rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, serving practice without ball, zigzag jumping, stretching back and lumbar muscles, ball release practice, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - Clay court tennis, Bowling - Hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch Session 3: Short runs with change of direction, torso rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, serving practice without ball, zigzag jumping, stretching back and lumbar muscles, ball release practice, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - Clay court tennis, Bowling - Bending forward as much as possible, stretching the neck and head. Week 8: Session 1: Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist - Volleyball, Squash - Stretching overhead, down, left and right. Session 2: Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist - Volleyball, Squash - Hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch Session 3 Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist - Volleyball, Squash - Bending forward as much as possible, stretching the neck and head. Intervention 2: Control group: This group will continue their normal life routine throughout the study and will only participate in school programs that are the same for everyone. Yes - There is a plan to make this available What will be shared: The data will be shared after individuals are anonymized. When: The course starts with 6 months access after the publication of the article. To whom: Researchers of academic institutions Conditions: In review studies Where to obtain: People can contact Maryam Khoshniat at the email address khoshniat.basu.ac.ir@gmail.com How to obtain: In a letter, provide a complete introduction of yourself and your resume, stating your purpose and how you intend to use it, and email it to Ms. Khoshniyat. She will announce the result to you within a 6-month timeframe. Comments:
public Maryam Khoshniat
Shariati Square
Hamadan Iran (Islamic Republic of) 6517683819 +98 81 3429 0804 Khoshniat.basu.ac.ir@gmail.com Bu-Ali Sina University scientific Seyedeh Manizheh Arabi
Ahmadi Roshan Boulevard, Bu-Ali Sina University
Hamedan Iran (Islamic Republic of) 6517838695 +98 81 3838 1642 m.arabi@basu.ac.ir Bu-Ali Sina university Iran (Islamic Republic of) Achieving a standard score on the DCD-Q (15 to 46 for 7-year-olds and 15 to 55 for 8 to 9-year-olds) Age 7 to 9 years Diagnosis of DCD based on (DSM-V) using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2): a score less than or equal to the 16th percentile, (DSM-5, Criterion A); motor deficits severely and persistently interfere with a person's daily activities (Criterion B, DSM-5); parents of children confirm the onset of motor problems from early developmental periods (Criterion C). Children should not have any pathological damage. They should have the ability to understand and collaborate with the researcher. Be able to attend the intervention program regularly throughout the study period. Be able to walk independently without assistance. Have no prior experience participating in a virtual reality based program. Have normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Do not use psychiatric medication. All participants and their supervisors must provide written consent. They are right-handed. 7 years 9 years Both Children who are absent for more than 3 training sessions during the study. Children who are forced to use a specific medication. Children who do not wish to continue participating in the research process. Behavior Behavior Warm-up for 10 minutes, exercise for 30 minutes, cool-down for 5 minutes. Week 1, Session 1, Warm-up: running, shoulder rotations, stretching the arm, forearm, triceps muscles, wrist rotations, rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing. Exercises: darts, boxing. Cool-down: overhead stretch, down, left and right. Session 2, Warm-up: running, shoulder rotations, stretching the arm, forearm, triceps muscles, wrist rotations, rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing. Exercises: darts, boxing. Cool-down: hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3, Warm-up: running, shoulder rotations, stretching the arm, forearm, triceps muscles, wrist rotations, rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing. Exercises: darts, boxing. Cool-down: bending forward as much as possible, neck stretch. Week 2, Session 1: running, lateral lunge with inner thigh stretch, arm rotations, knee-to-chest jumps, ankle circles, stationary dribbling, stretching back and waist muscles, ball release exercise, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - basketball, bowling - overhead stretch, down, left and right. Session 2: running, lateral lunge with inner thigh stretch, arm rotations, knee-to-chest jumps, ankle circles, stationary dribbling, stretching back and waist muscles, ball release exercise, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - basketball, bowling - hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3: running, lateral lunge with inner thigh stretch, arm rotations, knee-to-chest jumps, ankle circles, stationary dribbling, stretching back and waist muscles, ball release exercise, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - basketball, bowling - bending forward as much as possible, neck stretch. Week 3: Session 1: rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing, paw boxing, short runs with change of direction, trunk rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, service practice without ball, zigzag jumping - boxing, clay tennis - overhead stretch, down, left and right. Session 2: rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing, paw boxing, short runs with change of direction, trunk rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, service practice without ball, zigzag jumping - boxing, clay tennis - hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3: rope skipping, boxing shadow boxing, paw boxing, short runs with change of direction, trunk rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, service practice without ball, zigzag jumping - boxing, clay tennis - bending forward as much as possible, neck stretch. Week 4, Session 1: jogging in place, stretching back and shoulders, neck and shoulder rotations, deep breathing exercise, wrist and forearm stretches, fast lateral movement, wrist rotation with racket, ball dribbling with racket - archery, table tennis - overhead stretch, down, left and right. Session 2: jogging in place, stretching back and shoulders, neck and shoulder rotations, deep breathing exercise, wrist and forearm stretches, fast lateral movement, wrist rotation with racket, ball dribbling with racket - archery, table tennis - hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3: jogging in place, stretching back and shoulders, neck and shoulder rotations, deep breathing exercise, wrist and forearm stretches, fast lateral movement, wrist rotation with racket, ball dribbling with racket - archery, table tennis - bending forward as much as possible, neck stretch.Week 5 Session 1: Lateral movements with speed, dynamic lunges with change of direction, shoulder and arm rotation, wrist exercises with racket, vertical jumps, hitting the ball in the air Badminton, Golf Stretching overhead, down, left and right. Session 2: Lateral movements with speed, dynamic lunges with change of direction, shoulder and arm rotation, wrist exercises with racket, vertical jumps, hitting the ball in the air - Badminton, Golf - Hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3 Lateral movements with speed, dynamic lunges with change of direction, shoulder and arm rotation, wrist exercises with racket, vertical jumps, hitting the ball in the air Badminton, Golf Bending forward as much as possible, stretching the neck and head. Week 6: Session 1: Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist Squash, Volleyball Stretching overhead, down, left and right. Session 2 Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist-Squash, Volleyball-Hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch. Session 3: Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist Squash, Volleyball Bending forward as much as possible, stretching the neck and head Week 7. Session 1 Short runs with change of direction, torso rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, serving practice without ball, zigzag jumping, stretching back and lumbar muscles, ball release practice, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - Clay court tennis, Bowling - Stretching overhead, down, left and right. Session 2: Short runs with change of direction, torso rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, serving practice without ball, zigzag jumping, stretching back and lumbar muscles, ball release practice, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - Clay court tennis, Bowling - Hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch Session 3: Short runs with change of direction, torso rotation with racket, leg and hamstring stretches, serving practice without ball, zigzag jumping, stretching back and lumbar muscles, ball release practice, stretching shoulders and triceps, wrists and forearms - Clay court tennis, Bowling - Bending forward as much as possible, stretching the neck and head. Week 8: Session 1: Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist - Volleyball, Squash - Stretching overhead, down, left and right. Session 2: Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist - Volleyball, Squash - Hip flexion, triceps stretch, shoulder stretch Session 3 Running, multi-directional lunge movements, footwork training with agility ladder, torso rotation with racket, dynamic stretches for shoulder and wrist, vertical jumps, fast lateral movements, shoulder and arm rotations, stretching triceps and wrist - Volleyball, Squash - Bending forward as much as possible, stretching the neck and head. Control group: This group will continue their normal life routine throughout the study and will only participate in school programs that are the same for everyone. Motor Proficiency. Timepoint: 7 days before the study. Method of measurement: Movement Assessment Battery for Children– Second Edition. Motor Competence. Timepoint: Before the intervention and 24 sessions after the start of the intervention. Method of measurement: MABC-2 Test. Executive functions. Timepoint: Before the intervention and 24 sessions after the start of the intervention. Method of measurement: Stroop, go/no-go, n-back, hungry donkey tests. Impact of virtual reality training. Timepoint: 24 sessions after the start of the intervention. Method of measurement: The extent of progress in cognitive and motor functions. non Approved 2025-03-03 Ethics Committee in Biomedical Research Boulevard Ahmadinejad Hamadan Hamadan Iran (Islamic Republic of)