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IRCT20110803007211N5 IRCT 2025-01-06 Research Deputy of Hakim Nizami Higher Education Evaluating the Effect of Comprehensive Corrective Exercises and Rope Skipping on Ankle Function in Students with Pronation Disorder Effect of Comprehensive Corrective Exercises and Jumping Rope on Balance and Proprioception of the Ankle in Female Students with Ankle Pronation 2025-01-09 anticipated 45 Complete https://irct.ir/trial/81102 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Double blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Supportive, Randomization description: Using **cluster sampling**, three schools were randomly selected, and students aged **10 to 12 years** were screened based on the criteria. The sample size was calculated using **G Power software** for **three groups** (effect size **0.25**, alpha **0.05**, power **0.95**) as **251 participants**, and **260 students** were selected to account for dropouts. After screening, **64 female students** with **ankle pronation** were identified, and **45 participants** were randomly assigned to **three groups**: **Corrective Exercise (15)**, **Rope Skipping (15)**, and **Control (15)**, Blinding description: Participants, outcome assessors, and data analysts will be blinded to the allocation of study groups. The blinding process will be implemented as follows: the assignment of participants to intervention and control groups will be conducted by an independent individual who is not involved in data collection, assessment, or analysis. The exercise packages will be pre-coded and distributed without labels indicating group allocation, ensuring that the identity of the intervention and control groups remains concealed. Outcome assessors will work only with coded data and will have no access to information about the type of exercises each group receives. Only the principal investigator responsible for designing the interventions will be aware of the specific exercises assigned to each group. However, this investigator will not participate in the data collection or analysis process to minimize the risk of bias. N/A Ankle Pronation. Intervention 1: Intervention group 2: The jump rope training protocol consisted of a six-week program, performed three days a week. Each session began with a 10-minute warm-up, including running and dynamic stretching. The exercises were performed at a speed of 120 jumps per minute using a metronome. The intervention included six types of jumps: basic jump, forward and backward double jump, double under, scissor jump, alternate jump, and one-jump-two-rope. Participants used standardized ropes weighing 230 grams, with the length adjusted individually. Rest intervals were 30 seconds between sets and 2 minutes between exercises. Each participant used their designated rope throughout the program. Intervention 2: Intervention group 2: The corrective exercise program was a six-week protocol with three 60-minute sessions per week, focusing on maintaining full-body alignment during exercises. The experimental group followed the program, while the control group continued their usual activities. The program consisted of an educational session and practical exercises. The educational session was a two-hour theoretical class on proper functional movements. The practical part included 21 exercises such as foam rolling for muscles (31 seconds), static stretching for gastrocnemius and soleus, eccentric strengthening of foot muscles, and dynamic exercises like the star balance test, stair climbing, and lunges. Each session included 11 minutes of warm-up, 11 minutes of inhibitory exercises, 35 minutes of stretching, strength, and integration exercises, and 5 minutes of cooldown. The program was conducted over 18 sessions, starting one day after the pre-test, while the control group continued their usual routines. The program was implemented at the Corrective Movement Center in Quchan during the 1403 academic year. Intervention 3: Control group: The control group continued their daily activities during this period without receiving any intervention. This group served as a baseline to compare the effects of the corrective exercises with the experimental group. Yes - There is a plan to make this available What will be shared: The data files will be available to researchers after the publication of the abstracted article When: After publication the article To whom: Other researchers Conditions: There are no special conditions Where to obtain: Corresponding Author: Please contact via email. How to obtain: Upon receiving a formal request for data or documentation, the process will involve review and approval by the corresponding author. Once the request is approved, the required data and documents will be prepared and provided to the requester within one week. This process includes thoroughly reviewing the request, preparing the data, and ensuring that the information provided aligns with the original request. Comments:
public Karim Khalaghi
Opposite Saipa Dealership, Quchan-Mashhad Sento Road
Qochan Iran (Islamic Republic of) 9471787194 +98 51 4721 1773 karim.khalaghi@yahoo.com Hakim Nizami Qochan Institute of Higher Education scientific karim khalaghi
Opposite Saipa Dealership, Quchan-Mashhad Sento Road
Qochan Iran (Islamic Republic of) 9471787194 +98 51 4721 1773 karim.khalaghi@yahoo.com Hakim Nizami Qochan Institute of Higher Education Iran (Islamic Republic of) Female students aged 10 to 12 years Navicular drop greater than 10 mm Grade 2 flat foot No history of injury, surgery, or fracture in the lower limbs Free from any specific diseases 10 years 12 years Female History of fracture or surgery in lower limb joints Postural disorders such as bowlegs (genu varum), knock knees (genu valgum), or scoliosis Acute ankle sprain symptoms such as swelling or bruising M95.8 Other acquired deformities of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Intervention group 2: The jump rope training protocol consisted of a six-week program, performed three days a week. Each session began with a 10-minute warm-up, including running and dynamic stretching. The exercises were performed at a speed of 120 jumps per minute using a metronome. The intervention included six types of jumps: basic jump, forward and backward double jump, double under, scissor jump, alternate jump, and one-jump-two-rope. Participants used standardized ropes weighing 230 grams, with the length adjusted individually. Rest intervals were 30 seconds between sets and 2 minutes between exercises. Each participant used their designated rope throughout the program. Intervention group 2: The corrective exercise program was a six-week protocol with three 60-minute sessions per week, focusing on maintaining full-body alignment during exercises. The experimental group followed the program, while the control group continued their usual activities. The program consisted of an educational session and practical exercises. The educational session was a two-hour theoretical class on proper functional movements. The practical part included 21 exercises such as foam rolling for muscles (31 seconds), static stretching for gastrocnemius and soleus, eccentric strengthening of foot muscles, and dynamic exercises like the star balance test, stair climbing, and lunges. Each session included 11 minutes of warm-up, 11 minutes of inhibitory exercises, 35 minutes of stretching, strength, and integration exercises, and 5 minutes of cooldown. The program was conducted over 18 sessions, starting one day after the pre-test, while the control group continued their usual routines. The program was implemented at the Corrective Movement Center in Quchan during the 1403 academic year. Control group: The control group continued their daily activities during this period without receiving any intervention. This group served as a baseline to compare the effects of the corrective exercises with the experimental group. Balance and Ankle Proprioception. Timepoint: At the beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention) and at the end of the study (6 weeks after the intervention). Method of measurement: The Navicular Drop Test using Brody's method was performed to assess foot pronation, where a drop of more than 10 mm indicates pronation. In this method, the height of the navicular bone is measured in both a non-weight-bearing and a standing position, and the difference is recorded. Next, the Denis A Footprint Test was used to evaluate second-degree flatfoot. This test involves observing the footprint on a mirror box with the application of talcum powder for accuracy. Flatfoot is confirmed when the central and forefoot areas are of equal width, serving as the criterion for diagnosing the degree of flatfoot. Joint position sense: Joint position sense was measured through passive and active reconstruction of previous positions. Non-weight-bearing tests were conducted to assess proprioception in inversion and plantar flexion as these movements often exceed the normal ankle range. Angles of 10° and 30° for plantar flexion and 5° and 20° for inversion were tested. Participants sat on a table with their ankles fixed, and the gyroscope was calibrated to reduce measurement errors. After training, participants repeated the target angles three times, and the mean difference was recorded as an absolute error. The Y test was performed to assess dynamic balance. The participant stood barefoot at the center of a grid with lines extending in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. While keeping one foot in the center, they used the other foot to reach along the lines with the big toe. The test was repeated three times in each direction, and the maximum reach distance was recorded as the raw score. The raw score was divided by the leg length and multiplied by 100 to normalize the data. The average maximum reach distances in all directions were calculated as a percentage. Leg length was measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus in a supine position. Educational and Research Affairs, Hakim Nizami Qochan Institute of Higher Education Approved 2024-11-05 Human Ethics Research Committee of the Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran No. 3, 5th Alley, Miremad Street, Motahhari Street, Tehran, Iran. Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)