<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20091117002723N2</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2023-02-07</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>Effects of two spinal anesthesia approaches in the Prevalence of headache after operation</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Comparison of post-dural puncture headache after paramedian approach versus Taylor's approach</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2023-03-01</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>370</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/68085</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Double blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Prevention, Randomization description: Patients will be assigned randomly to tow groups using computer-generated random sequence numbers (www.randomization.org). Sealed envelopes will be used to conceal the allocation sequence. Group P will include patients who will undergo spinal anesthesia by a cutting 27-gauge spinal needle with a paramedian approach. Group T will include patients who will undergo spinal anesthesia by a cutting 27-gauge spinal needle with Taylor's approach, Blinding description: Participants in the study and those who follow up the participants do not know the method of spinal procedure and the specialist performs the  spinal anesthesia  based on the random sequence table.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Cesarean section.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group P: In the Paramedian approach, patients will be placed in the sitting position and a 27-gauge spinal needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space at an angle of 10-15 degrees in the spaces between L3-4 or L4-5, and then the cephalad is guided. Intervention 2: Intervention group T: Taylor's approach technique will be carried out at the L۵-S۱ inter space, the largest inter laminar inter space of the vertebral column. A spinal needle will be inserted in a cephalo-medial direction through a skin wheel raised ۱ cm medial and ۱ cm caudal to the lowermost prominence of the posterior iliac spine.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>No - There is not a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for not sharing IPD is It is against our policy.</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Mahsa Tahvili</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Anesthesiology Department, Faghihi Hospital, Zand Street.</address>
        <city>Shiraz</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>7134844119</zip>
        <telephone>+98 71 3647 4270</telephone>
        <email>tahvili_m@yahoo.com</email>
        <affiliation>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Seyed Mohammad Reza Hadavi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Anesthesiology Department, Faghihi Hospital, Zand Street</address>
        <city>Shiraz</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>7134844119</zip>
        <telephone>+98 71 3647 4270</telephone>
        <email>hadavimr@sums.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Women having elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia
Women between 18 and 44 years old
Adult women with ASA grade I or II (American Society of Anesthesiology classification)</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>18 years</agemin>
      <agemax>44 years</agemax>
      <gender>Female</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Adult women with ASA grade III or IV (American Society of Anesthesiology classification)
Patients with a history of more than 3 times cesarean section
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Hemodynamic instability
Bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy
Chronic headache
Patients with local infection in the lumbar region</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>O82</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Encounter for cesarean delivery without indication</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Prevention</i_code>
      <i_code>Prevention</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group P: In the Paramedian approach, patients will be placed in the sitting position and a 27-gauge spinal needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space at an angle of 10-15 degrees in the spaces between L3-4 or L4-5, and then the cephalad is guided.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group T: Taylor's approach technique will be carried out at the L۵-S۱ inter space, the largest inter laminar inter space of the vertebral column. A spinal needle will be inserted in a cephalo-medial direction through a skin wheel raised ۱ cm medial and ۱ cm caudal to the lowermost prominence of the posterior iliac spine.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Headache. Timepoint: Up to 7 days after surgery. Method of measurement: Severity of Postdural puncture headache will be graded by a score described by Lybecker et al.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome></sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2022-12-03</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Ethics Committee of Shiraz Medical School</contact_name>
        <contact_address>3rd Floor, 3rd buiding of the Shiraz Medical School, Zand Blvd. Shiraz Fars Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
