<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT2016010425846N1</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2016-08-31</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>The Effect of Peer Educational Program on Multiple Sclerosis Patient’s Self- Efficacy</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>The Effect of Peer Educational Program on Multiple Sclerosis Patient’s Self- Efficacy</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2016-03-17</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>80</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/21578</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Supportive.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Multiple Sclerosis.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Peer Education. Intervention 2: Education researcher.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary>            1.	Brunner LS, Smeltzer SCC, Bare BG, Hinkle JL, Cheever KH. Brunner &amp; Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
2.	Thöne J, Gold R. Laquinimod: a promising oral medication for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Expert opinion on drug metabolism &amp; toxicology. 2011;7(3):365-70.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
3.	Mohammad Khavasi, Daryadokht Masroor, Shokoh Varai, Koroush Joudaki, Masoud Rezaei, Babak Rastegari Mehr, et al. The Effect of Peer Education on Diabetes Self-Efficacy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Knowledge &amp; Health. 2016;11(2). (persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
4.	Bhise V, Dhib-Jalbut S. Further Understanding of the Immunopathology of Multiple Sclerosis: Impact on Future Treatments. Expert review of clinical immunology. 2016(just-accepted).&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
5.	Milo R, Kahana E. Multiple sclerosis: geoepidemiology, genetics and the environment. Autoimmunity reviews. 2010;9(5):A387-A94.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
6.	Mohammad K, Rimaz S, Dastoorpour M, Sadeghi M, Majdzadeh SR. Quality of Life and Related Factors among multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2014;11(4):1-14.(persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
7.	Kikuchi H, Mifune N, Niino M, Ohbu S, Kira J-i, Kohriyama T, et al. Impact and characteristics of quality of life in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis. Quality of life research. 2011;20(1):119-31.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
8.	Hartung H-P, Matthews V, Perrin Ross A, group M-Ns. Disparities in nursing of multiple sclerosis patients–results of a European nurse survey. Eur Neurol Re. 2011:6(2): 97-106.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
9.	Buchanan RJ, Johnson O, Zuniga MA, Carrillo-Zuniga G, Chakravorty BJ. Health-related quality of life among Latinos with multiple sclerosis. Journal of social work in disability &amp; rehabilitation. 2012;11(4):240-57.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
10.	Christens BD, Speer PW, Peterson NA. Social class as moderator of the relationship between (dis) empowering processes and psychological empowerment. Journal of Community Psychology. 2011;39(2):170-82.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
11.	Masoodi R, Alhani F, Rabiei L, Majdinasab N, Moghaddasi J, 2013 ES. The effect of Family-Centered empowerment model on quality of life and self efficacy of multiple scelerosis patients family care givers. Health magazine. 2013;4(2):147-55.(persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
12.	Ferla J, Valcke M, Cai Y. Academic self-efficacy and academic self-concept: Reconsidering structural relationships. Learning and Individual Differences. 2009;19(4):499-505.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
13.	Thornberg R, Jungert T. Bystander behavior in bullying situations: Basic moral sensitivity, moral disengagement and defender self-efficacy. Journal of Adolescence. 2013;36(3):475-83.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
14.	Maloni HW. Multiple sclerosis: Managing patients in primary care. The Nurse Practitioner. 2013;38(4):24-35.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
15.	Borzou R, Bayat Z, Salvati M, Homayounfar S. A comparison of Individual and Peer Educational Methods on Quality of life in patients with heart failure. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2014;14(9):767-76.(persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
16.	Varaei S, Shamsizadeh M, Cheraghi MA, Talebi M, Dehghani A, Abbasi A. Effects of a peer education on cardiac self‐efficacy and readmissions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized‐controlled trial. Nursing in critical care. 2014.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
17.	Dehghani A, Mohammadkhan Kermanshahi S, Memarian R, Baharlou R. The Effect of Peer Group Education on Anxiety of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Iranian Journal of Medical Education; 2012:12(4): 249-257.(persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
18.	salmani R, Sehati shfahi F, Alizadeh S, Ebrahimi M. Effect of Peer Education on knowledge and practice about iron deficiency and iron supplementationfemale students in secondary school in the city of Tabriz Tabriz univercity medical scienses congress. 2010.(persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
19.	Dehghani A, Kermanshahi S, Memarian R, Hojjati H. The effect of peer-led education on depression of multiple sclerosis patients. Iranian Journal of psychiatric nursing. 2013;1(1):63-71.(persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
20.	Jadid Milani M, Ashktorab T, Abed Saeedi Z, Alavi Majd H. Effect of Peer Support Groups on promotion of Physical Health Status in Multiple Sclerosis: Testing Reed’s Self-Transcendence Theory. Health promotion management. 2012;1(1):30-40. (persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
21.	Garfein RS, Golub ET, Greenberg AE, Hagan H, Hanson DL, Hudson SM, et al. A peer-education intervention to reduce injection risk behaviors for HIV and hepatitis C virus infection in young injection drug users. Aids. 2007;21(14):1923-32.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
22.	sharif F, Abshorshori N, Hazrati M, Tahmasebi S, Zare N. The effect of peer education on quality of life in patients with breast cancer after surgery. Payesh journal. 2011;11(5):703-10.(persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
23.	Varaei S, Cheraghi M, Seyedfatemi N, Talebi M, Bahrani N, Dehghani A, et al. Effect of peer education on anxiety in patients candidated for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized control trial. Journal of Nursing Education. 2013;2(3):28-37.(persian)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
 The effect of peer educational program on multiple sclerosis patient’s self- efficacy&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
 Abstrac:&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis threatens independence and ability of person to effectively participate in the family and society . The purpose of this study was determined The effect of peer educational program on multiple sclerosis patient’s self- efficacy referred to Farshchian hospital  and  Multiple Sclerosis Association in Hamadan in City 2015.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
Method: In this quasi-experimental study, 80 Patients with Multiple Sclerosis was selected with random available sampling sampling and randomly were divided to control and case groups. 4 sessions, each for 60 minutes, twice a week was performed for groups. After one month after the last training session, self-questionnaires were completed by both experimental and control groups. data were collected from both groups with Shere General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire . Data were analyzed with SPSS software (16 version) by descriptive statistics, independed-t, paired-t.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
Results: in case group. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of  Self-efficacy. The difference was not significant in the control group. There were no significant differences between the mean scores of Self-efficacy  of case and control group before  and after intervention .&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
Conclusion: Peer education methods could increase the level of efficacy in patients with multiple sclerosis. This method can be used as a valuable tool to improve the treatment and control of physical and psychological effects and increase the efficacy of the patients' disease.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
Key words: peer education, self- efficacy, multiple sclerosis&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
</results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan></results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description></results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Nahid Mohammadi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Hamadan-Shahid Fahmide Avenue-University of Medical Sciences</address>
        <city>Hamadan</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>65159</zip>
        <telephone>+98 81 3824 9572</telephone>
        <email>n.mohammadi@umsha.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Hamedan University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Nahid Mohammadi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Hamadan-Shahid Fahmide Avenue-University of Medical Sciences</address>
        <city>Hamadan</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>65159</zip>
        <telephone>+98 81 3824 9572</telephone>
        <email>n.mohammadi@umsha.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Criteria for inclusion: patients with multiple sclerosis; age 18-50؛ approved by the Board of patients; lack of experience in training classes during the past six months; lack of physical mental or psychological disorders such as acute or chronic severe depression; lack of speech or hearing impaired; Independent of the wheelchair; being in the acute phase Peer group inclusion criteria:get higher than 65 score from self-efficacy questionnaire; interested in membership in the peer group Exclusion criteria: the lack of consent to the study; absence of more than 2 sessions in the classroom; relapse</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>18 years</agemin>
      <agemax>50 years</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria></exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>G-35</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Multiple Sclerosis</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Behavior</i_code>
      <i_code>Behavior</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Peer Education</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Education researcher</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Effect of Peer educational program on multiple sclerosis patient’s Self- Efficacy. Timepoint: Three Months. Method of measurement: questionnaire.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Behaviour Change. Timepoint: 2 months. Method of measurement: questionaire.</sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2015-12-26</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Ethics Committee</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan  Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
